Learning Map Skills in Geography and its Improvement Using Technology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2023.v10n08.003Keywords:
Geography skills, Map reading, Geography students, Geography curriculum, TechnologyAbstract
Geography Students should be familiar with various map skills and apply them in their daily life. The methods for teaching map skills are varied. It can be done through direct instruction, inquiry-based, structured, problem-solving, model/example-based, student-led learning, and still, it is growing. Many studies discussed students' map skills usage in learning geography, the correlation between map abilities and achievement, the impact of map skill programme achievement, and the student's attitude about geography. The growing trend in map reading abilities indicates that to become a specialist user, one must acquire the knowledge and skills to analyse map components efficiently. The geographical map enables us to determine the precise location of any point on this planet. Thus, children, beginning in childhood, should be educated about geographical maps, which will help them build their map skills. Additionally, teachers use real-world maps to tackle various issues about geography education and learning. This study describes map skills learned in geography as well as technological advancements for geography students.
References
T. Bhattacharya, “Re-examining issue of inclusion in education,” Economic and Political Weekly, pp. 18–25, 2010.
A. Professors, T. Nadu, A. Professors, and T. Nadu, “Enhancing Student-Teachers’ Map Reading Skills Through Training Programme,” no. 63299, pp. 27–34.
S. P. Muir and H. N. Cheek, “Mathematics and the Map Skill Curriculum,” School Science and Mathematics, vol. 86, no. 4, 1986, doi: 10.1111/j.1949-8594.1986.tb11620.x.
M. J. Egenhofer and D. M. Mark, “Naive geography,” in International Conference on Spatial Information Theory, 1995, pp. 1–15.
S. ALAM, “Geography Syllabus in the Secondary Schools of India: Issues and Challenges,” Romanian Review of Geographical Education, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 46–66, 2020, doi: 10.23741/rrge220203.
J. Fairgrieve and E. J. Rickard, “THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY IN CONTINUATION SCHOOLS,” The Geographical Teacher, pp. 219–222, 1918.
X. Xiang and Y. Liu, “Understanding ‘change’through spatial thinking using Google Earth in secondary geography,” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 65–78, 2017.
M. B. Schlemper, J. K. Adams, and M. Solem, “Geographers in Business, Government, and Nonprofit Organizations: Skills, Challenges, and Professional Identities,” Professional Geographer, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 480–492, 2014, doi: 10.1080/00330124.2013.802580.
M. Solem, “Geography Education, Workforce Trends, Twenty-First-Century Skills, and Geographical Capabilities,” International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology, pp. 1–9, 2017, doi: 10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0413.
M. Solem, I. Cheung, and M. B. Schlemper, “Skills in professional geography: An assessment of workforce needs and expectations,” Professional Geographer, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 356–373, 2008, doi: 10.1080/00330120802013620.
S. G. Heffron and R. M. Downs, Geography for Life: National Geography Standards; Geography Education Standards Project (GENIP). National Council for Geographic Education, 2012.
T. NCERT, “National curriculum framework 2005,” 2007.
R. Saputro, D. Liesnoor, Setyowati, and P. Hardati, “The Students Spatial Critical Thinking Skill by Using Map and Remote Sensing Imagery on Geography Lesson,” 2020. doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.200620.049.
Wakabayashi Y, “Role of Geographic Knowledge and Spatial Abilities in Map Reading Process: Impilcations for Geospatial Thinking,” Geographical reports of Tokyo Metropolitan University, vol. 48, pp. 37–48, 2013.
A. M. MacEachren, “Visualizing uncertain information,” Cartographic perspectives, no. 13, pp. 10–19, 1992.
L. Havelková and M. Hanus, Map skills in education: A systematic review of terminology, methodology and influencing factors, vol. 9, no. 2. 2019. doi: 10.33403/rigeo.591094.
O. V. Eboy, “Tourism mapping: an overview of cartography and the use of GIS,” BIMP-EAGA Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 61–67, 2017.
M. Hanus and M. Marada, “What does a map-skills-test tell us about Czech pupils?,” Geografie-Sbornik CGS, vol. 121, no. 2, 2016, doi: 10.37040/geografie2016121020279.
W. A. Kealy and J. M. Webb, “Contextual influences of maps and diagrams on learning,” Contemporary Educational Psychology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 340–358, 1995.
I. Hemmer, M. Hemmer, A. Hüttermann, and M. Ullrich, “Kartenauswertekompetenz–Theoretische Grundlagen und Entwurf eines Kompetenzstrukturmodells,” Geographie und ihre Didaktik, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 158–171, 2010.
T. Koç, H., Aksoy, B. & Çifçi, “An examination of map literacy levels of students from various undergraduate programmes according to several variables: Cumhuriyet University sample.,” Erzincan University Education Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 301–321, 2017.
S. J. Drumheller, “Conjure Up A Map—A Crucial But Much Neglected Skill,” Journal of Geography, vol. 67, no. 3, 1968, doi: 10.1080/00221346808980914.
B. Etkisi, “International Journal of Geography and Geography Education ( IGGE ) The effect of orienteering course on map literacy skills of students at school of Oryantiring Dersinin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Harita Okuryazarlık,” pp. 124–138, 2019.
P. Wiegand, “Learning and teaching with maps,” New York: Routledge, 2006.
S. P. Muir, “Understanding and improving students’ map reading skills,” The Elementary School Journal, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 207–216, 1985.
S. Catling and F. Martin, “The state of research in primary Geography,” Researching Primary Geography, pp. 15–25, 2004.
R. G. Golledge, R. D. Jacobson, R. Kitchin, and M. Blades, “Cognitive maps, spatial abilities, and human wayfinding,” Geographical review of Japan, Series B., vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 93–104, 2000.
P. Wiegand, Learning and teaching with maps. Routledge, 2006.
N. Bluestein and L. Acredolo, “Developmental changes in map-reading skills,” Child development, pp. 691–697, 1979.
B. K. Banerjee, “Geography education in Indian schools,” Internationale Schulbuchforschung, pp. 283–292, 2006.
I. Bugdayci, I. O. Bildirici, N. N. Ulugtekin, and B. Tarman, “Map use efficiency in geography lessons: a case study in primary education in konya turkey,” 2010.
M. Hanus and L. Havelková, “Teachers’ Concepts of Map-Skill Development,” Journal of Geography, vol. 118, no. 3, 2019, doi: 10.1080/00221341.2018.1528294.
L. Collins, “The Impact of Paper Versus Digital Map Technology on Students’ Spatial Thinking Skill Acquisition,” Journal of Geography, vol. 117, no. 4, 2018, doi: 10.1080/00221341.2017.1374990.
R. Doğanay, H. & Sever, “General and physical geography (10th Edition),” Ankara: Pegem Akademi, 2011.
A. Schleicher, Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills: A New Framework for Assessment. ERIC, 1999.
L. Skryzhevska, J. Green, and R. Abbitt, “GIS textbook content as a basis for skill development in map interpretation,” Cartographica, vol. 48, no. 1, 2013, doi: 10.3138/carto.48.1.1262.
S. Tkacz, “Learning map interpretation: Skill acquisition and underlying abilities,” Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 18, no. 3, 1998, doi: 10.1006/jevp.1998.0094.
U. Neisser, “Five kinds of self‐knowledge,” Philosophical psychology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 35–59, 1988.
M. R. Petty and A. C. Rule, “Effective materials for increasing young children’s spatial and mapping skills,” Journal of Geoscience Education, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 5–14, 2008.
M. Unlu, “The Level of Realizing Geographical Skills in Geography Lessons.,” Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2166–2172, 2011.
M. Al-Khateeb, “The effect of teaching mathematical problems solving through using mobile learning on the seventh grade students’ ability to solve them in Jordan,” 2018.
S. S. Madiwalar, “Factors affecting students’ performance and practice on map reading skills: A case study of selected secondary schools in Asela Town, Ethiopia,” Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 97–105, 2012.
Dr. C. S. Singh, “Geographic Education in Indian Schools: Development, Trends, and Issues,” Journal of Geography and Earth Sciences, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2020, doi: 10.15640/jges.v8n2a1.
I. Hemmer, M. Hemmer, E. Neidhardt, G. Obermaier, R. Uphues, and K. Wrenger, “The influence of children’s prior knowledge and previous experience on their spatial orientation skills in an urban environment,” Education 3-13, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 184–196, 2015.
D. P. Ausubel, “Facilitating meaningful verbal learning in the classroom,” The Arithmetic Teacher, vol. 15, no. 2, 2020, doi: 10.5951/at.15.2.0126.
W. S. Utami, “The Effectiveness of Geography Student Worksheet to Develop Learning Experiences for High School Students.,” Journal of Education and Learning, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 315–321, 2016.
A. O. Kocalar and H. Demirkaya, “Geography teachers’ views on effective geography teaching,” Review of International Geographical Education Online, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 332–346, 2017.
W. Taylor and B. Plewe, “The effectiveness of interactive maps in secondary historical geography education,” Cartographic Perspectives, no. 55, pp. 16–33, 2006.
P. Wiegand, Learning and teaching with maps. Routledge, 2006.
N. Gökçe, “Social studies in improving students’ map skills: Teachers’ opinions,” Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, vol. 15, no. 5, 2015.
T. Y. Kwan, “Teachers’perceptual understanding of mapwork and their styles of mapwork teaching at forms 1–3 levels in hong kong,” Asian Geographer, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 75–94, 1994.
S. W. Bednarz, G. Acheson, and R. S. Bednarz, “Maps and map learning in social studies,” Social Education, vol. 70, no. 7, p. 398, 2006.
J. D. Proctor and A. E. Richardson, “Evaluating the effectiveness of multimedia computer modules as enrichment exercises for introductory human geography,” Journal of Geography in Higher Education, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 41–55, 1997.
S. E. Linn, “The effectiveness of interactive maps in the classroom: A selected example in studying Africa,” Journal of Geography, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 164–170, 1997.
P. Pedersen, P. Farrell, and E. McPhee, “Paper versus pixel: Effectiveness of paper versus electronic maps to teach map reading skills in an introductory physical geography course,” Journal of Geography, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 195–202, 2005.
T. A. Keiper, “GIS for elementary students: An inquiry into a new approach to learning geography,” Journal of geography, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 47–59, 1999.
M. Hanus and L. Havelková, “Teachers’ concepts of map-skill development,” Journal of geography, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 101–116, 2019.
W. A. McDougall, “You can’t argue with geography,” Footnotes: The Newsletter of Foreign Policy Research Institute. 2000.
K. Chatterjea, Authentic learning: Making sense of the real environment using mobile technology tool. Springer, 2018. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-8705-9_8.
“Geographical Information Systems (GIS),” pp. 1–58.
R. A. Earnshaw, Virtual Reality Systems, 1st Editio. 1993.
T. R. Baker and S. H. White, “The effects of G.I.S. on students’ attitudes, Self-efficacy, and achievement in middle school science classrooms,” Journal of Geography, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 243–254, 2003, doi: 10.1080/00221340308978556.
B. A. West, “Student attitudes and the impact of gis on thinking skills and motivation,” Journal of Geography, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 267–274, 2003, doi: 10.1080/00221340308978558.
T. A. Keiper, “Gis for elementary students: An inquiry into a new approach to learning geography,” Journal of Geography, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 47–59, 1999, doi: 10.1080/00221349908978860.
T. C. Patterson, “Google earth as a (not just) geography education tool,” Journal of Geography, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 145–152, 2007, doi: 10.1080/00221340701678032.
S. W. Bednarz, G. Acheson, and R. S. Bednarz, “Se_700706398-1,” Social Education, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 398–404, 2006.
V. A. Kulo and A. M. Bodzin, “Integrating geospatial technologies in an energy unit,” Journal of Geography, vol. 110, no. 6, pp. 239–251, 2011, doi: 10.1080/00221341.2011.566344.
C. Y. Chang, “Does computer-assisted instruction + problem solving = improved science outcomes? a pioneer study,” Journal of Educational Research, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 143–150, 2002, doi: 10.1080/00220670209596584.
K. Larwin and D. Larwin, “A meta-analysis examining the impact of computer-assisted instruction on postsecondary statistics education: 40 years of research,” Journal of Research on Technology in Education, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 253–278, 2011, doi: 10.1080/15391523.2011.10782572.
E. Yalçinkaya and A. Karaca, “Examination of Studies Aimed at Developing Map Skills in Secondary School Students: A Meta-Analysis,” Review of International Geographical Education Online, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 236–261, 2021, doi: 10.33403/rigeo.841330.
J. C. Wigglesivorth, “What is the best route? Route-Finding strategies of middle school students using gis,” Journal of Geography, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 282–291, 2003, doi: 10.1080/00221340308978560.
S. B. Ehrlich, S. C. Levine, and S. Goldin-Meadow, “The importance of gesture in children’s spatial reasoning,” Developmental Psychology, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1259–1268, 2006, doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.6.1259.
K. Kastens, S. Agrawal, and L. Liben, “Research in Science Education: The Role of Gestures in Geoscience Teaching and Learning,” Journal of Geoscience Education, vol. 56, no. 4, p. 362, 2008.
M. Sauter, D. H. Uttal, A. S. Alman, S. Goldin-Meadow, and S. C. Levine, “Learning what children know about space from looking at their hands: The added value of gesture in spatial communication,” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 587–606, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2011.11.009.
C. Carbonell Carrera, B. V. Avarvarei, E. L. Chelariu, L. Draghia, and S. C. Avarvarei, “Map-Reading Skill Development with 3D Technologies,” Journal of Geography, vol. 116, no. 5, 2017, doi: 10.1080/00221341.2016.1248857.
O. Meena and A. Chaturvedi, “ISSN NO : 0022-1945 Volume XII , Issue VIII , August / 2020 Page No : 1046 Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research ISSN NO : 0022-1945 Volume XII , Issue VIII , August / 2020 Page No : 1047,” vol. XII, no. 1046, pp. 1046–1060, 2020.
A. J. Milson and B. D. Earle, “Internet-based GIS in an inductive learning environment: A case study of ninth-grade geography students,” Journal of geography, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 227–237, 2008.
I. Persaud, “Unpacking paradise: geography education narratives from the Seychelles,” 2017.
K. Singh, S. Gupta, and K. S. Thakur, “Role of PTA in Development of School, Teacher and Children,” Global business management and information technology, p. 101, 2014.
P. Sivasankari, “A pre experimental study to assess the effectiveness of iec package on awareness and coping ability regarding learning disability of children among primary school teachers at selected schools, Thanjavur,” 2014.
S. Alam, “Recent trends in school geography in India,” Journal of Geography, vol. 109, no. 6, pp. 243–250, 2010, doi: 10.1080/00221341.2010.502944.
A. N. Overview, O. F. Geography, T. In, and S. Schools, “International Journal of Geography and Geography Education ( IGGE ),” pp. 91–101, 2021.